In the past five years, rain-related events hurting India’s marginal farmers more significantly than other adverse weather conditions, particularly extreme heat, according to the State of Marginal Farmers of India 2024 report published on Friday.

The report, brought out by the research and advocacy group Forum of Enterprises for Equitable Development and the Development Intelligence Unit, relies on the Indian government’s definition of a marginal farmer as someone who conducts agricultural activities on less than one hectare of agricultural land, either as a proprietor, sharecropper or tenant.